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SAILING THROUGH THE SHAME OF THE NATION OF FAME DAY OF THE FUTURE: SOCIAL STUDIES AS A PILOT, A love song to my husband and the New Nigeria, 17 SE

SAILING The nation through SHAME OF FAME DAY OF THE FUTURE:

SOCIAL STUDIES AS A PILOT

17 SERIES OF MEETINGS IN THE OPENING OF THE DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, Abraka, NIGERIA.

Taught by

Professor Emman Osakwe

B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), MA (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)

Professor Social Sciences and Dean of the Graduate School,

Delta State University, Abraka.

On Thursday, 26 February 2009

© Copyright 2009 Delta State University, Abraka

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owners.

ISBN 978-33872 – 7-4

Published February 2009 by

DELTA STATE COLLEGE, Abraka,

DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

Printed by

Justice and Jeco Press Ltd. Publishers,

Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Prologue / Preface

This processing is Maestro + teacher … + Celebrity, Will Become Nigeria

(A Love Song for my husband and the New Nigeria)

And he said, "Marry me, May!"

"I do such a thing: to marry any teacher," said May

Slag Professions: Professor – disqualified

However, more significant and persistent voice in the classroom! – Qualified

This teacher now processed, is a teacher, prophet and priest.

Palm oil, the broom and sponge, Banga soup – processed palm

Through the fire, through water, the sharp blade, the agents of decay – processed

As kero, diesel, gasoline, cream, gel, this balm – processed crude

Emman Osakwe, master processing, a voice is heard beyond

Beyond the rostrum to the nations.

Made through pain deprivation, denial, then mocked,

Today's teacher is mounted the podium, here comes:

My husband, my director, mon pere

Processed by the fire, through water, denied rightful

This master of the primary teachers of teachers

It is a teacher, teaching teachers teacher educators.

The climb to peaks refused for ten years!

My fellow parents, persevering through the years!

As diamond carbon processed, my prince patient and peace-maker

This teacher main burden of knowledge:

Intellectual and divine, has a message:

Nigeria is the process through shame –

The shame of corruption, greed, like serious!

The shame of mismanagement and bad governance

Misrule, yielding poverty giant height of opulence

Shame of monumental waste of resources

The shame of evil and religious impiety

Prosecution shame on our reputation for desired:

Our country famous, yes our country;

Land of my birth, the land of my pain, the land of my shame

Land of his birth, the land of their pain, the land of your shame

Depending too long after independence, fragile the marsh

For this fragile marsh, about to fall, unable to fly,

It will become a great eagle in flight

Celebrities poultry, not to fly, but soar to –

Land of my birth, the land of his birth, the land of our birth

Land of my fame, land of your fame, land of our reputation –

Nigeria is the name!

Mabel Osakwe Ejima (2009)

President, English Language

Delta State University, Abraka

COURTESIES

The Vice-Chancellor,

The Vice Chancellor (Admin.)

The Vice-Chancellor (Academic)

The provosts, Asaba and Oleh Campus,

The Acting Secretary,

The Bursar,

The University Librarian,

The Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences,

Dean, College of Education,

Deans of Faculties Others

Teachers and other members of the Senate

Heads of Department and other academic colleagues,

The administrative staff and technical

My Lords Spiritual and Temporal,

Members of my family, nuclear and extended,

My in-laws,

Distinguished guest

Lords of the Press

Great DELSUITES,

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Preamble

I feel very honored and privileged to be called to deliver the inaugural Lesson 17 Delta State University, Abraka. I thank God for giving mercy trip this meeting and I think that will take us all home safely in the name of Jesus – Amen.

Did you buy and read today's press? How listen mind many bloody stories? What is the last on the militancy and criminality in the Niger Delta? What a pain! You may want to take depressive mind these issues and feed your mind with great Obama dream come true and so ours. Yes, welcome to this forum! For this God who gives us the opportunity to reflect and debate social issues similar to those raised in this advice welcome. Sorry to tell you if I have the monopoly on the word in this debate is why we called a conference. But free your mind to travel along, as the pilots of Social Studies our navigation through the shame of Fame today for tomorrow.

INTRODUCTION

The first thing to pay attention to the nature and purpose of Social Sciences and the way it serves vehicle to meet the challenges of our time. Briefly, social studies is to learn to live and participate in this world, at a particular time and place, hence we have the formula:

SSE = PSPT

P = People

S = Society

P = place

t = time

This conference will be a keynote speech on an aspect of my academic experience, and my contribution to social studies as a field of knowledge, is governed by the formula as shown SSE and the nature of Social Studies.

Here then, P means The People of Nigeria; S means the Nigerian society, p, the entity yt geographical Nigeria in Nigeria called yesterday today and tomorrow. At this conference, Nigeria yesterday involves pre-colonial Nigeria in the era before the Second Republic, while Nigeria today that extends the second period of the Republic to date.

We recognize that this hearing is not only interdisciplinary, "Clothing" but also a diverse "city." Then be sought to operate within this defined perimeter.

Social concerns all facets of human existence: man himself as a product of nature and social man as a product of upbringing, from the social, political, economic and physical. Social studies has therefore for some time as a real instrument or reshapening towards society. (Lawton and Durfour 1973, Osakwe 1993) Nature, content and scope of social studies, it is a manly instrument to develop a new socio – political. This teacher has professed mostly in this area of social studies and has 20 publications related to the current discourse. Four of these are listed here:

Osakwe, EO (1992) "Social Studies and the military in Nigerian politics "Nigeria Journal of Social Sciences Review Vol 2, No 2, pp. 89-91

Osakwe, OE (1993a) Education for Citizenship: The Centre for Social Studies Review Nigerian Journal of Social Studies. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 23-38.

Osakwe, EO (1994) education for citizenship in a multiethnic society: some teaching ideas. Studies in Education vol. 2. No. 1. April. Pp 60-64.

Osakwe, EO (1994b) Pedagogical Strategies for Teaching Social Studies: The use of specimens and Issues Nigeria Social Studies Journal Vol III, No. 1 and 2 pp. 49-55.

In Nigeria, Social Studies found practical expression in the school system after the 1969 National Curriculum Conference. The theme is intended for individuals for construction and therefore the nation-building (Osakwe 1993). Potential of Social Studies are not yet fully exploited in our search for a desirable socio-political and economic.

Social Studies deals with human relationships. The world is constantly undergoing changes and social studies remains a veritable tool for examining these changes, whether positive or negative. Social Studies focuses on human beings (people) anything that strikes them.

Areas of Emphasis in Social Sciences

The knowledge included in the Social Sciences is related with important generalizations about human relationships, institutions and problems, along with actions to ensure that these generalizations are poorly understood (and Osakwe Itedjere 1993). Social Sciences examines the issues and a holistic perspective – in consequence, to solve a problem or an issue, social studies examines the historical aspects, cultural, sociological, economic, physical and others. Unlike the vertical concentration is evident in tracks school, social studies adopting a horizontal approach to spiral in the IT problem analysis. Social Sciences, has strong affinity with the social sciences, but should not be seen as an amalgam of the social sciences.

Social Studies Education is a way to give young people a sense of hope in the future and trust in their ability to solve social and environmental problems of the people, their community, state or nation.

On this occasion, the conference deals with one aspect of my discipline that is academic and public interest – Explore the nation, through the shame of Fame today for tomorrow: Social As pilot studies.

Addressing the problems of yesterday, today and tomorrow automatically provides three segments of the speech: Nigeria Today Nigeria Today and Tomorrow Nigeria.

NIGERIA – YESTERDAY

It is simplistic to address the problems of nation building in Nigeria today without paying due attention to our past and the past world affecting our past and present.

Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Sir, the education system we have inherited from our colonial masters, but criticized for alienating us from our culture, produced disciplined individuals and peoples who are regarded as pillars of our democracy and national development. Our education system was once very structured, organized and predictable. This was the time when education was fully responsible Agencies of the Government or the Mission. Educational institutions were adequately staffed, equipment and supervision was effective. The academic calendar was stable almost without interruption. A new competitor in the system was able to predict when he / she will graduate. Graduation is not a candidate at the right time was not the fault of the school or institution, but the inability of students to work hard enough to graduate as planned by the educational establishment. The period under review was characterized by students in elementary and secondary schools in uniforms that were in fact making uniforms. There was no provision for students make their own seats or desks for guests, offering their own beds. The laboratories of secondary and tertiary institutions are comparable with those obtained in other around the world.

sound moral education was an essential part of education in pre 1970 to the late 80's Nigeria. Relationship between students and teachers students and teachers and students and teachers from different levels of education has been largely professional. Examination malpractice incidents were rare and those who are caught in the integrity of the examinations was treated quickly. Incidents of students in grades negotiating with their teachers or professors / teachers call "incentives" were almost nonexistent. During the period under review, the academic conditions at the universities of the first generation of Nigeria was commendable and comparable to that obtained in the most advanced countries of Europe and America. This period witnessed massive exchange of staff from universities abroad. Our universities have real international orientation and reputation, staff and students who come from different parts of the world. Apart from the international vocation of our universities and scholars, university professors were highly respected and are at the apex of social classification. Okech (2008) rightly pointed out that the mention of the title "Professor" attracted much attention. The office of the Vice-Chancellor was highly reverred. The Vice-Chancellor was more respected than any government appointee.

The majority of Nigerians who passed through the tertiary education enjoyed a form of financial assistance or other government. Education is a company that worthwhile and was seen as the key that opened the door to success and fame.

The laziness, theft, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social and spatial inequality is considered extremely shameful past in Nigeria. It was common practice, for example, for the seller to leave the goal Journals as students were trusted to release the money and pick up the papers. Similarly, the product of Cloth days were used for charity as expected. Social vices frowned and there was a greater sense of responsibility among citizens including public officials. The workers reported their jobs at the expected time and remained at work until closing. School and other institutional doors were closed at 8 am and remained so until closing. Truancy is an aberration and some seriously frowned. It was not the freedom of political association, despite the political divisions along the three main ethnic groups, except the Middle Belt which had its own political identity. It was possible that close relatives belonging to different political parties and yet still live in harmony. The example of Ikokus can attest to this fact – that a father and son belonged to two opposing parties.

Human beings are political animals in general. The ability to organize people into political groups with which reason is a basic instinct of the human. Nigerians are very eloquent political beings. It is not practical traditional politics and the community that has always been with us. There has been a fusion of traditional and modern social life and party politics. Since Culture is not static, traditional practices is also adjusted to accommodate new challenges and developments, including cultural contacts with their consequences concomitants. The social life of a people and its political culture, largely in other fields of life. Nigeria is an amalgam of politicians. This is indicative of the plurality cultural development. By far, the North was more politically articulate and responsive. This probably accounts for the practice where our brothers North is always on the radio and listen to local and international news, which always informed. Social life and party politics is not a function of education Western. Some southerners, despite their level of education, are still politically naive and can not read or understand the political horizon. Nigeria economy during this period was very stable and depended on agriculture. This was the era of the pyramids of groundnuts. Nigeria is the largest producer of peanuts, rubber, oil palm kernels, soybeans, Benise and also a major cotton producer, second largest producer of cocoa. It was during this time that Malaysia came to Nigeria to get our oil and rubber plants to try in your country. We know that both countries are now in the production of palm oil and rubber.

Solid minerals such as coal, tin and columbite are mined economic quantities and Nigeria was known to be a major player in the world in the production of these minerals. The dynamism of the economy was boosted further with the discovery of black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Little by little, began to shift emphasis from agriculture to oil … … …. the mainstay of Nigerian economy. The Nigerian currency was strong and highly sought after during this period.

Exchange rate between 70 and 80

German American British Nigeria

Stg pd U.S. N1 $ 3.64 DM

1. £ 0615 $ 1.51

The above figures show a vivid picture of the strength of the Naira at this time.

Nigeria is well served by road, rail, air from the sea. During this period there were over 95,000 km of paved roads and over 3,200 km of railways gauge of a meter. Nigeria had only two international airports in Lagos and Kano. Both northern and southern parts of the country attracted significant investment in developing infrastructure, especially in rail and roads, as well as some social services such as electricity, water supply, hospitals, schools and universities. This period was marked by the staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) to compensate for the grass by the side of the road to ensure long distance and clear vision of drivers and other users. Roads are maintained regularly – but then the roads were narrow and sometimes wind, were passable throughout the year.

Nigeria Airways was the pride of West Africa. It rose above other airlines in the sub-region. Nigerian pilots were renowned for their courtesy, competence and confidence. His take-off and landing was remarkable and smooth and hiccups. Nigeria Airways flew constantly to Europe, Asia, USA and several African trades without blemish. The DC-10s, Boeing 737, 707 and 747 were constant on international routes, while smaller aircraft served the local (domestic) routes. Closer to home here, the waterway through Sapele to Obiaruku Ethiopian river was navigable and building materials were transported through of that channel.

Security of lives and properties was largely secured during this period. You can travel through the night without fear of robbers. Night travel was preferred by a number of Nigerians. Incidents of armed robbery was rare and it was easy to track criminals. It was not fashionable to engage in crime because there was a general rejection of the company or reluctance to anyone who knew it was a criminal or social deviant.

NIGERIA TODAY

Currently, Nigeria has traded his dignity the values of diligence, patriotism, high ethical standards, its abundance of natural resources once no glory for the habits colloquially referred to as the "Nigerian factor": the search for the injustice, up the values, endemic corruption and gross misrule. Today Nigeria is fatally ill deliberately self-inflicted injury. Most of what is happening today in Nigeria amounts to the national shame, our pain and misfortune. This shame is most evident in our "new politics", which is marked by violence leading to loss of lives and properties, massive rigging and murder. Recipients who do not deserve to rush to make efforts to convince and confuse the masses in support of the results of his political feats. Almost immediately rushed back from all over the country, especially some Christian and Islamic clerics and other leaders who pontificate on selfish fallacy that government and leadership are chosen and ordained by God and that we accept things as they are to save our nascent democracy. But peace without justice can withstand the test of time and is an invitation to anarchy.

Unlike what obtains in Western democracies and other political stable election results were declared within 24 hours on the closing of the polls in Nigeria, it could take three days. In some ridiculous situations, such as elections premises that are even smaller geographical entities for the management, it is still a matter of days before results are officially released. This habit of dragging leaves room for manipulation and panel-beating numbers. Despite all these, the figures are released as ridiculous results. In some cases, more votes than the number of registered voters. multiple voting is not uncommon. The court ruling Edo State revealed that fictitious voters voted and a few others voted several times as it is supposed voters across the Atlantic.

The foundation of any democratic state is stable and functional electoral process. This should be seen as a key issue in a country like ours. The electoral process is a political choice by the people. Next to market gossip and discussions of the corridor, voting is the only activity that shows the degree of popular participation in politics. When free and secret ballot voting, direction and amount of individual participation out boldly in its true form.

In a survey conducted by the professor in 1998, the degree of apathy expressed by young people was amazing.

possible percentage participation in national elections

S / NO

CATEGORY

NO OF STUDENTS IN RESPONSE TO EACH CATEGORY

TOTAL NO STUDENTS

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL

1.

Indifferent or undecided

162

250

65%

2.

Yes or interested

63

250

25%

3.

No o not interested

25

250

10%

This was almost a decade before the 2007 elections monumental fraud without But the figure reveals high level of alienation and disenchantment with politics and the electoral process among youth. In most cases, this alienation or apathy leads to high level political disinterest. Effective public participation depends on a knowledge of how the system really works.

Citizens have not been systematically exposed to the methods of operations of our political system. A number of our young people have been left to wander aimlessly in the field Nigeria's political. This has led to misinformation or the smothering of political instincts of young people to national affairs.

Our electoral process and protest the results wizard is unparalleled in the annals of elections anywhere in the world. Many Nigerians are of the opinion that an individual vote does not count – The results are predetermined. This has led to apathy and despair by a serious segment of the electorate (see Osakwe 1998 Ogini 2008). 12 June 1993 elections, to be tried without case was overturned with ignomity to the chagrin of Nigerians. Since then, the situation has worsened. There are understandable cynicism long way towards elections and the electoral process more Nigerians.

Another area of concern in this discourse is that politics in Nigeria is no longer considered as a way to service, but has become a means of rapid ascent to wealth and public recognition. This has led to the emergence of political upstarts minds twisted in the expectation of the electorate policy. Their lifestyle is marked by the extravagant lifestyle, luxury cars, including armored vehicles, with sirens escorts and intimidation of opponents and those who perceive that they refuse to acknowledge his new position and wealth are found to be unwieldy. What we now is a repetition of the biblical saga Haman, Mordecai. Haman, a political newcomer who is paid a huge sum of money to ensure that the entire Jewish race is eliminated Mordecai the Jew only because not bow to him.

It is a sign of political immaturity try to use political opportunism to settle accounts. It's a show of shame and reflection of the struggle against a complex. The policy should be a very exciting part of our national life, but now it is a matter of life and death, sometimes send chills down the spine of the population. Therefore, the organization or conduct of the elections in Nigeria is the war and the lives of several gone with the elections in Nigeria.

Political Assassinations

Between 1999 and 2009, 39 cases of politically – motivated murders recorded in the country. The timing of these murders reveals that it is usually more frequent in the years before proper elections and election year. For example, There were 17 cases of murder between 2002 and 2003, nine cases were recorded between 2005 and 2007 (another pre-election and election period).

Political Assassinations – 1999-2009 (- a graphical representation)

In the most recent elections in Nigeria, firearms were used freely. Jos crisis in November / December 2008, more than 500 lives were lost in the lost the election chaos. Several of the victims were hospitalized with gunshot wounds. How does this compare with what obtains in other parts of the world, where results election are respected and the electoral process is conducted in an orderly manner?

A common feature of the political terrain in Nigeria is the issue of recycling of individuals and families – giving the impression that something is eternal mandate that these individuals and families should always be there. How do you explain a situation in which some political actors who were contemporaries of the Sage last minute, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, continue walking through the corridors of power. There are some individuals who have political flirtations remained throughout the 29 years of military rule in the democratic era in Nigeria. Too bad that almost two years after the elections 2007 general, but there are still several-to-be-resolved legal cases.

It is a fact that since the controversial elections, Nigerians for various initiatives, have joined in the search for a reform process that the water tree in a transparent, free and fair elections in order to remove the rancor that greeted the results of the April 2007 polls, and literally created hatred and anarchy.

How long will Nigerians living with this level of rancor and uncertainty? When transparency of the elections are conducted so as to end the loser is still quick to concede defeat and congratulate the winner? In U.S. elections on November 4th, 2008, the Republican presidential candidate John McCain graciously granted the victory to Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, in less than 24 hours after the election. The winner and loser in the U.S. elections do not have to wait for the election chief to announce the result of the outcome electoral most famous in the world. Relying on the results as announced live on Cable News Network (CNN).

It is instructive to note here national television in Nigeria, Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) had a live coverage of the U.S. election. Why has not been covered our national elections in vivo. Some international observers were denied entry and their reports disapproved by our electoral authorities, however, Nigerians went to Ghana to monitor the elections! Our electoral process is not transparent and acceptable. It remains to be done nationally and internationally.

CORRUPTION

Corruption is used here to catch a condition or state of falsehood, dishonesty, illegitimacy, illegality or injustice oriented acquisition of power, money or position for private gain and sectionals.

Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria and a cultural system generate a corrupt corrupt society. A society and people naturally produce this type, except it is a cultural drastic surgery is a reorientation as consequence of the time: remember the formula for Social Studies. Nigerian society provides a fertile ground for fraudulent practices, which would lead to institutionalization of corruption. A corrupt society as Lewis (2008) produced corrupt leaders and followers, copy or create corrupt leaders corrupt institutions corrupt institutions and create a multiple of corrupt systems. This may explain why almost no establishments institution or system that is free of corruption in Nigeria. religious are not exempt from this. Corruption is indeed the worst enemy of Nigeria preventing citizens from enjoying the tremendous natural resources. Corruption is detrimental to economic growth. Increases in income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth. It also promotes and maintains the unequal distribution asset ownership and unequal access to education (Olajide, 2008).

Despite the creation of agencies to combat corruption as the Crimes Economic and Financial Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and other crimes related to the Commission (ICPC) corrupt practices have continued to manifest itself in various forms and shapes cleverly marked in Nigeria. This monster called corruption has continued to be a nightmare to lead the country towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Recently, in an interactive session with the House of Representatives Committee on Drugs and Narcotics and Financial Crimes, the Director Executive of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), alleged that some Nigerians have cashed in on falling world prices and had been crossing the world day and night to acquire properties with the stolen money in the country. Perpetrators of this crime knows how to defeat all the mechanisms to check their nefarious activities. Our image has been severely undermined by the corrupt activities of Nigerians. corruption among Nigerians is also evident in Internet fraud and the marked progress of Free fraud (aka 419). A number of innocent Nigerians and foreigners have been victims of both Internet and Advance fraud charges. A number of young people now live big and fat with the proceeds of corruption and fraud.

Nigeria's image has been severely dented worldwide as a result of the fraudulent practices of some of our citizens. Several Nigerians are languishing in prisons in several countries – Some those not so lucky, were executed by the authorities of those countries that committed the atrocities. The war against corruption seems to have been approached during the Obasanjo regime. Yar Ardua is administration promised that there would be no sacred cows in his government's fight against corruption. However, his war against corruption was the subject of serious skepticism and cynicism after the redeployment of former President of the agency in the fight against corruption and its many tribulations thereafter, culminating in his dismissal. It is a sad commentary and sends a very wrong message to Nigerians and the international community.

The pace of the crusade against corruption will stop and some observers are really worried, because the suffering of the masses, they feel have been caused by a few individuals who have diverted money intended for the welfare of the masses for personal gain. One of the apparent reasons why corruption has continued to invade the throughout Nigeria can be that the three levels of government pay lip service to its eradication.

Corruption has hurt the political community and the general of our people is immeasurable and incalculable. The malaise permeates all strata of society, including public institutions. According to this Day opinion of November 5, 2008, nothing works well in Nigeria because of corruption. Several roads are in a deplorable state, even when attempts are made in the rehabilitation of roads, corruption is not possible a thorough job and durable.

Education and corruption

Sexual harassment has become so pervasive in Nigeria's tertiary education. It is a very worrying state of the situation. The issue of sexual harassment in higher institutions has attracted the attention of a number of academics – (Osakwe 2008, Igborgbor 2008, Okech, 2008). Sexual harassment is a manifestation of power relations and most of girls and women are the times at the receiving end. sexual harassment is not limited to any age level – some of the older scholars have been known to participate in abominable game. Some academics have lost their jobs from this misdemeanor. Some have continued to exploit and pollute the girls and flaunt public of their sexual adventures. Some girls and married women have been traumatized, particularly in a bid to acquire a university degree or diploma from other tertiary institutions. Closely related to the issue of sexual harassment is corruption in our educational system from primary to university level. Pupils and students are forced to pay a fee or the other. Signature of the referees report, the office, as of course, data card – all illegal charges attract. Some time ago in history Nigeria,

Teachers at all levels of education gained much respect from members of the public. Seen as honest advice, disciplined and, morally, it was then fashionable in search of a teacher when a public office that calls for a person of great integrity became vacant. They had aura of the Saints and their fans always proved right every time they had the opportunity to contribute their experience and knowledge to influence public affairs. However, this sacred integrity of the academic class seems to have taken his license and that the country is bad smell of corruption (Aghedo 2008).

In the last couple years, three teachers paid the price for the sexual exploitation of girls and had to be disgraced out of office. There are still many more waiting to be unhappy. academic corruption has assumed different dimensions ranging from plagiarism, victimization, muzzling academic freedom, the erosion of the tutoring the production of foot soldiers / "academic hostage taking" – For the young scholars that under a senior colleague have no choice but to follow orders from his master. Academic freedom that once characterized the university system is fast eroding and giving way to the campus dangerous political, lobbies and other interest groups – whose interests are some other things but academic.

Examination malpractice has become a serious problem facing to education in Nigeria. The phenomenon has become monstrous and have only very bold and ruthless measures to clear. The unfortunate situation is that some people expected to address this issue are the result of examination malpractice themselves.

1. Examination malpractice is not limited gender, or children are firmly in the business.

Transport and corruption

Airports lack necessary facilities, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) can not locate the sites of shipwrecks air. The latest challenge place until several months after by hunters. The rail lines being dysfunctional – some rail lines are used by traders to display their wares.

Attitude General Against Corruption

People no longer expresses the bitterness and shock every time I hear about billions of naira being stolen from public coffers, since it has become an everyday practice. For example, it was reported that in a month, a governor in a state spent N1bn (Billions of naira) in its state of security – A state where there was no war, or the breakdown of law and order.

The state of corruption in Nigeria today is a product of inconsistent and erratic the war against corruption – After having been fought to a standstill by General Murtala Mohammed in 1975 and 1976, a follow-up as Buhari / Idiagbon and later Nuhu Ribadu would have made for the monster to its knees. But the period between Muhammad Buhari filed in General Babangida, who ruled between 1985 and 1993. Unlike Buhari regime that came hard on the looters of public funds a number of them were sentenced to various prison, Babangida Total assets of the various official and restored the ranks of the officers fired. Call it a reward of corruption! This story can be repeated once more if the plight of Nuhu Ribadu is allowed to continue. Call it punishment for fighting corruption! The war against corruption is now asleep.

Corruption and the Energy Sector

Two thousand (2,000) megawatts of electricity generated in 2008, compared to 3,000 produced in 2003. These figures are ridiculous. South Africa with a population 60 million dollars, generating 45 000 megawatts and the South African government aims to increase its capacity to 60,000. How can Nigeria continue to claim that the giant of Africa? Our industries and small scale enterprises to provide their own electricity – how can the point of balance to the exorbitant cost of production due mainly the lack of constant supply of public power. How can industrial dreams of Nigeria is updated in the light of current energy challenges. Despite President's plan to declare a state of emergency in the energy sector, things have not improved. small businesses, artisans and many Nigerians have been self forced to close their businesses due to the unavailability of energy.

It was reported (Tell December 8 in a month (November 2008) the situation gavage worsening of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to announce the loss of 800 MW generation capacity – in the same period, Sapele Power Station was shut completely down, and the plant was operating in Lagos Egbin "with a reduced capacity." Exactly after 10 days, reported PHCN further loss of 200 MW. All these factors have been responsible for energy rationing zonal rotation 12 hours to maintain and ensure system stability uniform distribution of the limited output generating plants in operation. Under the rotation plan, PHCN divided the country into zones. Each zone receives power for 12 hours, and even this is no assurance that the light would come. There are areas or sections of the country where the outage is more regular than the power supply public. Even the "promised" additional 6,500 MW by 2009 is very far from our electricity demands provided for in Nigeria.

We are further informed (Tell December 2008) that each university spends more than N120 million annually on diesel. What a colossal waste of money that would have been plowed in other critical areas of university administration. Not many universities in Nigeria, you can even afford to spend such a staggering amount of money for electricity. This, of course, does not include regular bills PHCN.

CORRUPTION AND steel industry

The the iron and steel has swallowed billions of dollars since the 1980s – but there is nothing to show for it. The Federal Government sets the Ajaokuta and plants Delta Steel, along with three inside Rolling Mills Oshogbo, Jos and Katsina. Plants and steel mills have not been able to meet the aspirations of steel Nigerians, mainly due to corruption and bottlenecks beaurcactic. What we have now is more like museums steel instead of steel plants. How do we explain the astronomical cost of imported iron steel and products when they are supposed to producers of the product? In some plants, components and spare parts are no longer being produced anywhere in the world. Equipment components are completely obsolete, leaving the engineers to cannibalize existing components to the point that there is nothing to appeal.

The Minister of State who oversees the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, recently pleaded with Nigerians to be patient with the pace of development, stating that "of them is not going slow government." Unfortunately, Nigerians, but I can not believe it's been this administration and there is no clear policy on how to reengineer the steel industry and industrial position to take out of Nigeria. How long wait for Nigerians the takeoff of an iron and steel effectively? Several Nigerians were sent to Europe, Russia and Japan to be trained for the iron and steel. All these human resources high caliber have been dismissed in the face of the privatization policy of the last administration. Some of the steel plants were awarded to political partners / Business partners of the government of the time.

The iron industry and steel is the foundation of any sense technological and industrial development of any nation. Nigeria can not afford to remain an eternal importer of steel products. This sector has to contribute significantly to economic development in Nigeria. There seems to be a clear roadmap leading to Nigeria to become a major player in steel development on the African continent. How can the dream of making Nigeria a of the top 20 world economies in 2020 come true? How can you achieve when primary steel mills have been privatized into the wrong hands? Control of the primary source of steel (liquid level) is the control of the nation's industrial development. The iron and steel, then is an area critical economic development should not be left in the hands of investors whether foreign or indigenous.

The railway line that links dedicated Delta Steel Company, Aladja, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and Nigerian Iron Ore Mining Company Itakpe have not yet finished – until it becomes full value of companies can not perform. The proposed railway line, like other governments in various projects is more like an abandoned project that is already suffering the depreciation quickly. The Niger River has not yet been dredged and the Escravos estuary is not yet clear. liquid steel can be produced at Ajaokuta without all these things are launching.

EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLINGS

One issue that has troubled many Nigerians and sent shivers down the spine dorsal of citizenship is related to extra judicial killings. A number of families who have suffered trauma from the loss of their loved ones in border incident extrajudicial assassination. The unfortunate aspect of this development is that the evidence is completely deleted or the victims are portrayed as criminals – the dead can not speak for yourself. Some examples will buttress the point here – almost two decades ago, a Nigerian Dele Udo star athlete was shot dead by police at a checkpoint point. This has also been the fate of a number of innocent Nigerians in various police checkpoints throughout the country at one time or another. In 2002, some traders travel Oken over – Lokoja road were stopped by some policemen who discovered they had a lot of money on them. The police tied to traders and packages the bus and set it on fire while making away with their millions of naira. One of the traders miraculously survived and escaped and reported the incident. The officers were arrested late, tried and duly punished. A renowned journalist, Bayo Awosika died in circumstances bordering on extrajudicial executions. It said he died after his vehicle was hit by a police van and then a somersault several times before landing on another part of the road. Despite the claim of sommersault, there was no dent in the vehicle, the car's handbrake was still Bayo, and had a piece of wood under the car. Postmortem examination revealed that she died of a missile wound – ie, was beaten by a rapid evolution of metal (bullet). Could there was another case of extrajudicial killing. The case of Mr. John Abah in Benue State is still very fresh. On November 14, 2008, bullets fired by a police team Patrol him down, the young man had gone out that night to relax with friends when his life was cut short. The incident that led to his premature death is attributable to a disruption between the deceased and a police officer in a public brewery. In 2006, police killed a young man in the same city – Oturkpo, during a protest by residents PHCN to a facility due to power outage.

On December 2, 2008, the authorities of the Lagos State University, were forced to issue a press release about the shooting of his students. This was sequel to the filming of the November 25, 2008, 4 students of the University who had come for the identification of Local Government. arising from the rapid reaction of the authorities of the Lagos State University, Governor of the State took action. The policemen were arrested and wrong subsequently dismissed. One student shot finally succumbed to his injuries despite the combined efforts of the Lagos State Government and State University Lagos to save his life. The question is how long will Nigerians endure this barbaric and senseless killing of its citizens by the people who are expected to protect them? Murder a student in Athens, Greece early in December 2008 triggered protests by students and teachers from several consecutive days. The killing of a Brazilian in the UK for a raid brought terror to the police chase case. In December 2008 a woman was killed in the state of Ogun – was taken to an armed robber. Police made the effort to explain away the fact spirit that she was an armed robber. One youth was shot dead by a policeman outside a bank in the city of Benin for participate in a fight in front of the bank – the incident took place in January 2009. In the same month of January a young man was shot dead by police in Lagos in unexplained circumstances. Some commercial drivers have been victims of police shootings or other forms of brutality by his refusal to part with their money illegally "toll usual. "

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)

Following the Millennium Declaration that was adopted the Millennium Summit in New York, 6-8 September 2000, Nigeria was committed to realizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. These objectives were measurable goals for making improvements in the lives of the world's poorest citizens.

Goal I: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Poverty continues to gaze of millions of Nigerians in the face. The degree of hunger is clearly reflected in the funeral, wedding and other social events where free food and drinks are served generously by the few. In these meetings, several uninvited guests struggle for food. Worse, are teenagers who eagerly await the grist for those with adequate service to leave the remains so they can eat or get along. Many of our young men have become scavengers in the midst of plenty is assumed.

Under Bolatito (2008), poverty exists where people lack the means to meet their basic needs. These can be defined in a narrow sense as needs necessary for survival, or overall needs that reflects the level of living there in the community. poverty describes a situation in which people resources (material, social and cultural) within those constraints to exclude these people from the minimum acceptable way of life. Poverty has many faces (Bolatito 2008), including poor access to public services and infrastructure, unsanitary environment, illiteracy and ignorance, bad health, insecurity, lack of voice and social exclusion, including low levels of family income and food insecurity.

Between the period 1980-1996, the proportion of poor people increased from 28.1% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This, in terms of numbers translates into 17.7 million poor in 1980 and 67.1 million people in 1996. It is estimated By 2015, between 30.1 million and 40.4 million people still live in poverty in Nigeria.

According to the African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD 2005) Nigeria, with a per capita annual income of just $ 300, is one of the 20 poorest countries in the world. Nigeria is estimated to grow by about 3% and national rate savings is about 15%. In the midst of other daunting challenges of the decay of infrastructure and corruption, how can Nigeria reach number one goal of the Millennium?

Since independence, Nigeria has steadily decreased in the group of countries with low human development, characterized by a (HDI) coefficient lower than 0.5 (on a scale of 0-1). With a score of 0.470, Nigeria occupies a lower position 158th, where countries such as Eritrea and Senegal better price. This is a great shame indeed. How can you say that Benin Republic and Rwanda are higher in the scale of Nigeria's GDP per capita.

Table 1: Human Development Index 2005 Nigeria

HND value

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Literacy rate

(Between 154% and more)

Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (%)

GDP per capita (PPP U.S. $)

1. Iceland (0.968)

1. Japan (82.3)

1. Georgia (100.0)

1. Australia (113.0)

1. Luxembourg (60 228)

156. Senegal (0499)

163.Botswana (48.1)

102.Algeria (69.9)

136.Nepal (58.2)

158.Rwanda (1206)

157.Eritrea (0483)

1653.Cote d'Ivoire (47.4)

103.Tanzania (United
Republic of) (69.4)

137.Equatorial Guinea (58.1)

159.Benin (1141)

158.Nigeria (0470)

165.Nigeria (46.5)

104.Nigeria (69.1)

138.Nigeria (56.2)

160. Nigeria (1128)

159.Tanzania (United Republic of) (0467)

166.Malawi (46.3)

105. Guatemala (69.1)

139. Bangladesh (56.0)

161. Eritrea (1109)

160. Guinea (0456)

167.Guinea-Bissau (45.8)

106.Lao Democratic People's Republic (68.7)

140.Yemen (55.2)

162. Ethiopia (1055)

177.Sierra Leone (0.336)

177.Zambia (40.5)

139.Burkina Faso (23.6)

172.Niger (22.7)

174.Malawi (667)

2007/2008 Human Development Report fact sheets – Nigeria

Table 2: Selected indicators of human poverty for Nigeria

Poverty Index (HPI-1) 2004

Probability of not surviving past age 40 (5) 2004

Illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and older) 2004

People without access to improved water source (%) 2004

Children underweight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004

1.Chad (56.9)

1.Zimbabwe (57.4)

1.Burkina Faso (76.4)

1.Ethiopia (78)

1.Nepal (48)

27.Yemen (38.0)

12.Congo (Democratic Republic of (41.1)

34.The Democratic People's Republic (31.3)

8.Congo (Democratic Republic of (54)

22. Angola (31)

28. Burundi (37.6)

13.Guinea-Bissau (40.5)

35. Guatemala (30.9)

9. Fiji (53)

23.Maldives (30)

29. Nigeria (37.3)

14.Nigeria (39.0)

36.Nigeria (30.9)

10. Nigeria (52)

24.Nigeria (29)

30.Malawi (36.7)

15.Cote d'Ivoire (38.6)

37.Tanzania (United Republic of) (30.6)

11.Madagascar (50)

25.Sri Lanka (29)

31.Rwanda (36.5)

16.Uganda (38.5)

38.Algeria (30.1)

12. Mali (50)

26. Philippines (28)

108. Barbados (3.0)

173.Iceland (1.4)

164.Estonia (0.2)

125.Hungary (a)

134.Chile (1)

Human Development Report 2007/2008 – Country Facts Clothing – Nigeria

Tables 1 and 2 summarize the sordid state of affairs in regard to the classification of the Nigeria's poverty at the global level. How workable MGD1 in the face of this astonishing level of poverty in Nigeria?

GOAL 2: Achieve Universal universal primary

The National Education Policy (2004, revised) states that "the government recognizes education as an instrument excellence to promote a national evolution. The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) charged with the responsibility to ensure that Nigerian reaches the goal universal primary education by 2015. How can this noble objective to achieve in the face of the lack of cooperation from several states of the federation not in compliance with the requirements for access to state funding for universal basic education program? Less than 50% of the states in the country have been able to meet by the payment of counterpart funds. Unless and until this is done, as states of default and, by extension, the country can not meet the 2015 target date for achieving universal primary education. What could be responsible for the lackluster attitude of state governments fulfilling their part of the obligation number in this regard? Can it be that education is undervalued by democratic actors in progress or that the conditions for accessing funds does not allow the usual leaks enormous financial into the wrong hands?

Nigeria also supported Jometien Conference on Education for All (EFA) by 2000, which provides goals for early childhood and development, primary education, junior secondary and adult literacy. The trend in gross enrollment ratio (GER) shows considerable fluctuations in enrollment between 1991 and 2000. enrollment increased significantly between 1990 and 1994, from 68% to 86%. Since then, enrollment was reduced to 81% in 1995 and 70% in 1996. Therefore, Nigeria did not achieve the EFA goal Jometien 2000.

Universal Basic Education (UBE) guideline provides that each elementary and junior high school should have a general science lab to address basic science and domestic science, a well-ventilated toilet for a maximum of 40 pupils or students per toilet, a teacher to teach the manipulation of 40 pupils or students. These conditions therefore can be obtained from our school is a utopia, and can not be achieved even by 2015. Very few schools have the appearance of a laboratory. Nearby shrubs provide health services in some of our schools.

GOAL 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

The goal of this objective is eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and to all levels of education no later than 2015. The indicators here are:

– Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education.

– Ratio of literate females to males 15-24 years of age.

– Proportion of women in wage employment in the nonfarm sector

– Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament.

Gender disparities are still strongly manifested in access to primary education, secondary and tertiary education leading to unequal access to employment (Millennium Development Goals Report 2004)

It is estimated that 50% of Nigeria's population are women and girls, however, the gender gap in access to primary education, secondary and tertiary education goes back to the pre-colonial Africa has its roots in traditional culture. Is the goal of gender equality gender and the empowerment of women reached by 2015. The answer is obviously negative. Society must be prepared to deal with gender stereotypes and acceptance that the female gender can aspire to greater heights if society permits. The secular notion of women as just being there to make children or to meet the demands of the people of the pleasure of men should be discarded. Women excel in any chosen career come in, but they are very good and better managers the home and society. There should be no gender discrimination at work, whether public or private.

GOAL 4 – Reduce child mortality

The National Report on Millennium Development Goals (2004) noted that no progress has been made in reducing infant mortality. Demographic estimates 2003 National Health Survey was under five mortality rate of 217 per 1000 with significant regional variations. Urban and rural areas had less than five years mortality rates of 243 per 1,000 and 153 per 1,000, respectively. The projection of the goal in question, there must be a reduction of two thirds (2 / 3) children under five years to 2015. In other words, Nigeria should be able to reduce the morals of children under five to 49 per 1,000 in 2015. It is highly unlikely that Nigeria will meet the 2015 target of reducing child mortality by two thirds (2 / 3).

The main obstacles to achieving Goal 4 of the MDGs are the limited access care services of health (poverty), HIV / AIDS and poor maternal health. Good health services costs money and this is beyond the reach of the poor that unfortunately constitute the majority of the population of Nigeria. Corruption and greed has not allowed even to free health services to the poor. Unfortunately, the rulers who should ensure a high class medical facilities in our public health institutions have failed in their responsibilities. It is these very people who can afford to travel abroad with the least complaints.

Availability of health facilities, 1996 – 2000

(Per'000 people)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Number of Physicians

0.212

0.207

0.201

0223

0.22

Number of hospital beds

0.677

0.643

0.613

0.575

0.639

The table shows the same poor state of health facilities in Nigeria. What efforts are moving in field to ensure that the situation changed radically in the positive direction by the year 2015?

Goal 5: Improve maternal health

The aim of this target is to reduce maternal mortality mortality rate by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Although there have been slight decline in maternal mortality since 1990, the level is still high, approximately 1,000 per 100,000 live births since the late 1990s to 2001. The national rate of maternal mortality was 704 per 100,000 live births with a considerable regional variation (MDG Report 2004)

Maternal deaths in Nigeria, as in most developing countries are often traceable to powerlessness of women and their unequal access to employment, finance, education, basic health care, and other resources.

The challenges to achieving the goal 5 of the MDGs include teen pregnancy, cultural practices, lack of health personnel and other infrastructure, especially in rural areas. Nigeria accounts for 10% of these deaths were recorded (UCAID 2008).

52 000 Nigerian women die each year from maternal related complications. Lanre-Abass (2008) stated that the majority of births in Nigeria (66%) occur in the home. A smaller percentage of women receive postnatal care, which is crucial for monitoring and treatment of complications in the first two days after delivery. health system in Nigeria has been plagued by problems of quality of service, including the hostile attitude of some members health personnel (doctors and nurses), insufficient knowledge, decaying infrastructure, shortages of essential drugs and counterfeit medicines.

GOAL 6: HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases

It is estimated that 4.5 million Nigerian adults and children living with HIV AIDS in 2008. The cumulative AIDS deaths in 2008 was about 4.2 million people. These are startling figures that should affect any group of people (Osakwe 2008). The age groups most affected by the virus include 20-29 years of age, while the regions with higher prevalence rates are the North Central, Northeast, and South-South zones. It is surprising to learn that the University treated 10,800 people with HIV between January and October 2008.

Several factors contribute the spread of HIV / AIDS in Nigeria, including networks sexual practices such as polygamy, a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections untreated (STIs.) Low condom use, poverty, low literacy, poor health, stigma and irresponsible sexual behavior. The prevalence of malaria in Nigeria is still high, and this is due to the abundance of blocked drains and dirt which helps in malaria vectors. An estimated one million deaths occur each year in Nigeria resulting from malaria. The fact that we lack well-trained medical personnel to implement national programs such as AIDS remains a major challenge towards achieving the MDG Goal 6.

GOAL 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Nigeria is still grappling with the challenge of environmental sustainability. There are still major problems related to land degradation, pollution, flooding, erosion, desertification, inefficient use of energy resources, biodiversity loss, environmental disasters and deforestation. There are still poor access to services improved sanitation in Nigeria, which can be attributed to poor implementation of health and housing and other related policies, high levels of poverty, low awareness of issues related to environmental sustainability and rural improvement in general. Why perennial gully erosion in the southeast, parts of Delta and Edo challenged the attention – however, farmland and buildings are cleaned each year, cutting off roads and separate communities, children and adults are drawn by flooding. How can you explain is that in the 21st century, even on some college campuses, students defecate in any place and worse in some women's shelters! "Short set" has acquired a new meaning for this antisocial behavior. Students defecating in black polythene bags and throw it behind their rooms or leave them in the bathroom ends. Sometimes these human waste are washed into gutters and drains thus creating health hazards. The excavations for the construction and construction sand can not be as obvious as an environmental risk in the short post, but without resorting to the excavation of the environmental consequences leaves much pain and anguish for the people. Some Nigerian daily contribute to environmental degradation and threat to lives and property of their hostile activities and environmental neglect -.

GOAL 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Nigeria has continued to play a prominent role in cooperative regional

About the Author

Professor Emman Osakwe
B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), M.A. (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)

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